문법특강

체계적인 영문법 학습

수동태 기본

This letter was written in French, The cake was made by mom처럼 행동의 대상에 초점을 맞출 때 쓰는 수동태! 원어민처럼 자연스럽게 쓰는 법을 배웁니다.

2025년 10월 14일

약 39분 소요

New1English

수동태

기초문법

수동태는 동작을 받는 대상이 주어가 되는 문장 형태입니다. "누가 했느냐"보다 "무엇이 되었느냐"에 초점을 맞출 때 사용합니다.

🔹 기본 형태

주어 + be동사 + 과거분사(p.p.) [+ by + 행위자]

1️⃣ 능동태 vs 수동태 비교

✅ 능동태 → 수동태 변환 방법

능동태의 목적어 → 수동태의 주어 / 동사 → be + p.p. / 능동태의 주어 → by + 행위자

능동: Tom wrote this book.
수동: This book was written by Tom.
능동: They clean the office every day.
수동: The office is cleaned every day.
능동: Someone stole my wallet.
수동: My wallet was stolen.

💡 by + 행위자 생략 가능한 경우

행위자가 불명확하거나, 일반인(people/they/someone)이거나, 중요하지 않을 때 생략합니다.

The window was broken. (누가 했는지 모름)
English is spoken all over the world. (일반인)
The report must be submitted by Friday. (행위자 불중요)

✏️ 연습문제 — 능동태를 수동태로 바꾸세요

She writes a letter. → A letter ________ by her.
They built this bridge in 1990. → This bridge ________ in 1990.
Someone is watching us. → We ________ by someone.

✅ 정답 보기

is written
was built
are being watched

2️⃣ 시제별 수동태 형태

시제	형태	예문
현재	am/is/are + p.p.	The car is washed every week.
과거	was/were + p.p.	The letter was sent yesterday.
미래	will be + p.p.	The project will be finished soon.
현재진행	am/is/are being + p.p.	The road is being repaired.
과거진행	was/were being + p.p.	The building was being constructed.
현재완료	have/has been + p.p.	The email has been sent.
과거완료	had been + p.p.	The window had been broken before we arrived.
조동사	조동사 + be + p.p.	This rule must be followed.

📌 시제별 추가 예문

현재완료 수동: The problem has been solved. (문제가 해결되었다)
미래 수동: New employees will be hired next month. (다음 달 신입이 채용될 것이다)
조동사 수동: This medicine should be taken with water. (이 약은 물과 함께 복용해야 한다)

✏️ 연습문제 — 알맞은 수동태를 쓰세요

This song ________ (write) by BTS in 2019. (과거 수동)
The new museum ________ (build) next year. (미래 수동)
The packages ________ (deliver) right now. (현재진행 수동)
My car ________ (repair) since last Monday. (현재완료 수동)

✅ 정답 보기

was written
will be built
are being delivered
has been repaired

3️⃣ 수동태 부정문과 의문문

❌ 부정문: be동사 뒤에 not 추가

The door is not locked. (문이 잠겨 있지 않다)
The report was not submitted on time. (보고서가 제때 제출되지 않았다)
The package has not been delivered yet. (소포가 아직 배달되지 않았다)

❓ 의문문: be동사를 문장 앞으로

Is this book written in English? (이 책은 영어로 쓰였나요?)
Was the meeting cancelled? (회의가 취소됐나요?)
Has the problem been fixed? (문제가 해결됐나요?)
Will the event be held indoors? (행사가 실내에서 열릴 예정인가요?)

🔍 의문사 + 수동태

When was this photo taken? (이 사진은 언제 찍혔나요?)
Where are these products made? (이 제품들은 어디서 만들어지나요?)
Why was the game postponed? (왜 경기가 연기됐나요?)

✏️ 연습문제 — 부정문/의문문으로 바꾸세요

The windows are cleaned. → 부정문: The windows ________ ________.
The letter was sent yesterday. → 의문문: ________ the letter ________ yesterday?
The project will be completed by June. → 의문문: ________ the project ________ ________ by June?

✅ 정답 보기

are not cleaned
Was / sent
Will / be completed

4️⃣ 주의해야 할 수동태 표현

✅ 4형식(수여동사) 수동태

4형식 문장은 목적어가 2개이므로 수동태도 2가지 가능합니다.

능동: She gave me a gift.
수동①: I was given a gift by her.
수동②: A gift was given to me by her.
능동: They showed us the results.
수동①: We were shown the results.
수동②: The results were shown to us.

🌟 5형식(목적보어) 수동태

목적보어가 수동태에서도 그대로 남습니다.

능동: They call him a genius. → 수동: He is called a genius.
능동: We consider her smart. → 수동: She is considered smart.
능동: They made me feel welcome. → 수동: I was made to feel welcome.

❌ 수동태로 만들 수 없는 동사들

자동사(목적어 없는 동사)는 수동태 불가합니다.

happen, occur, appear, disappear, exist, rise, fall, belong
❌ The accident was happened. (틀림!)
✅ The accident happened. (맞음)

✏️ 연습문제 — 올바른 수동태 고르기

My father bought me this watch. → I ________ this watch ________ my father.
People call New York "the Big Apple." → New York ________ "the Big Apple."
Something strange happened. → Something strange ________ (수동태 가능/불가?)

✅ 정답 보기

was bought / by
is called
수동태 불가 (happen은 자동사)

📘 핵심 요약

시제	형태	예문
현재 수동	am/is/are + p.p.	It is made in Korea.
과거 수동	was/were + p.p.	It was built in 1900.
미래 수동	will be + p.p.	It will be finished soon.
진행 수동	is/was being + p.p.	It is being repaired.
완료 수동	have/has been + p.p.	It has been sold.
조동사 수동	조동사 + be + p.p.	It must be done.