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    조동사와 다양한 표현들

    할 수 있어(can), 해야만 해(must), 아마 올 거야(will)! 조동사 하나로 하고 싶은 말을 훨씬 정확하게 전달할 수 있어요. 영어 회화에 꼭 필요한 조동사를 완전 정복합니다.

    2025년 12월 12일
    약 55분 소요
    New1English
    기초문법

    ⭐ 조동사와 다양한 표현들 (Modal Verbs)

    조동사는 동사의 의미를 더 정확하고 풍부하게 만들어 주는 '도우미 동사'입니다. 기본 동사 앞에 와서 능력, 가능, 허락, 의무, 추측, 미래 의지 등을 표현합니다.

    🔹 핵심 규칙

    조동사는 홀로 쓰이지 않고 본동사의 원형과 함께 씁니다.  예: can speak / must go / will help

    능력 · 가능 · 허락
    조동사 기본 개념
    CAN

    1️⃣ CAN — ~할 수 있다 / ~해도 된다

    항목내용
    개념"~할 수 있다", "~해도 된다"
    부정형cannot / can't = "~할 수 없다"
    • I can swim very well.
    • She can speak three languages.
    • A: Can I use your laptop?  B: Yes, you can.
    • A: Can you help me with this?  B: Sure, I can.
    • It can be dangerous at night.

    ✏️ 연습문제

    1. I __________ play the guitar.
    2. She __________ (not) drive a car.
    3. __________ you speak Japanese?
    ✅ 정답 보기
    1. can
    2. can't
    3. Can
    허락 · 가능성
    MAY

    2️⃣ MAY — ~해도 된다 / ~일지도 모른다

    항목내용
    개념"~해도 된다", "~일지도 모른다"
    부정형may not = 부정 가능성 / 제한적 불허
    • You may leave now.
    • It may rain tomorrow.
    • A: May I sit here?  B: Yes, you may.
    • A: May I open the window?  B: Sure, go ahead.
    • She may not know the answer.

    ✏️ 연습문제

    1. You __________ leave early today.
    2. __________ I borrow your book?
    3. It __________ snow tonight.
    ✅ 정답 보기
    1. may
    2. May
    3. may
    미래 · 의지 · 약속
    WILL

    3️⃣ WILL — ~할 것이다 / ~하겠다

    항목내용
    개념"~할 것이다", "~하겠다"
    부정형will not / won't = "~하지 않을 것이다"
    • I will call you tomorrow.
    • They will arrive soon.
    • A: Will you join us for dinner?  B: Yes, I will.
    • A: Will it rain tonight?  B: I think it will.
    • She will be happy to see you.

    ✏️ 연습문제

    1. I __________ visit my parents this weekend.
    2. She __________ (not) go to the party.
    3. __________ you help me with this?
    ✅ 정답 보기
    1. will
    2. won't
    3. Will
    강한 의무 · 금지 · 강한 추측
    MUST

    4️⃣ MUST — ~해야 한다 / ~해서는 안 된다 / ~임에 틀림없다

    항목내용
    개념"~해야 한다", "~해서는 안 된다", "~임에 틀림없다"
    부정형must not = 금지 (절대 ~하면 안 된다)
    • You must wear a seat belt.
    • Students must submit homework on time.
    • A: Must I finish this today?  B: Yes, you must.
    • A: Must I not enter here?  B: Yes, you must not.
    • She must be tired. (강한 추측)

    ⚠️ 주의: must not vs. don't have to

    must not = 금지 (하면 안 됨)  |  don't have to = 불필요 (안 해도 됨)

    ✏️ 연습문제

    1. You __________ follow the rules.
    2. She __________ (not) touch that machine.
    3. He __________ be very upset. (강한 추측)
    ✅ 정답 보기
    1. must
    2. must not
    3. must
    외부 요인 의무
    HAVE TO
    MUST vs HAVE TO

    5️⃣ HAVE TO — 상황·규칙 때문에 ~해야 한다

    항목내용
    개념상황·규칙 때문에 "~해야 한다"
    부정형don't/doesn't have to = "할 필요 없다"
    • I have to work today.
    • She has to wake up early.
    • A: Do you have to go now?  B: Yes, I have to.
    • A: Does he have to pay today?  B: No, he doesn't have to.
    • They have to finish the task.

    ✏️ 연습문제

    1. I __________ leave early tomorrow.
    2. She __________ (not) do it now.
    3. They __________ follow the rules.
    ✅ 정답 보기
    1. have to
    2. doesn't have to
    3. have to
    조언
    SHOULD

    6️⃣ SHOULD — ~하는 게 좋다

    항목내용
    개념"~하는 게 좋다" (조언·권고)
    부정형should not = "~하지 않는 게 좋다"
    • You should get more sleep.
    • He should study harder.
    • A: Should I take this job?  B: Yes, you should.
    • A: Should I go now?  B: You should not.
    • She should visit a doctor.

    ✏️ 연습문제

    1. You __________ take a rest.
    2. He __________ (not) be rude.
    3. She __________ join us.
    ✅ 정답 보기
    1. should
    2. should not
    3. should
    정중한 표현
    WOULD LIKE TO

    7️⃣ WOULD LIKE TO — 공손하게 ~하고 싶다

    항목내용
    개념공손하게 "~하고 싶다" (want보다 격식체)
    부정형would not like to = "~하고 싶지 않다"
    • I would like to order coffee.
    • She would like to meet you.
    • A: What would you like to drink?  B: I'd like iced tea.
    • A: Would you like to join us?  B: Yes, I would like to.
    • They would like to ask a question.

    ✏️ 연습문제

    1. I __________ to have tea.
    2. She __________ to see you.
    3. They __________ to join the class.
    ✅ 정답 보기
    1. would like
    2. would like
    3. would like
    강한 조언 (경고)
    HAD BETTER

    8️⃣ HAD BETTER — ~하는 게 좋다 (안 하면 나쁜 결과)

    항목내용
    개념"~하는 게 좋다" (should보다 강한 경고 뉘앙스)
    부정형had better not
    • You had better hurry.
    • You had better not be late.
    • A: My exam is tomorrow.  B: You had better study tonight.
    • A: I skipped lunch today.  B: You had better not skip meals.
    • She had better take medicine.

    ✏️ 연습문제

    1. You __________ leave now.
    2. You __________ (not) make that mistake.
    3. She __________ study tonight.
    ✅ 정답 보기
    1. had better
    2. had better not
    3. had better
    과거 습관 · 상태
    USED TO

    9️⃣ USED TO — 예전에 ~하곤 했다

    항목내용
    개념"예전에 ~하곤 했다" (지금은 그렇지 않음을 암시)
    부정형didn't use to
    • I used to play soccer every day.
    • She used to live in Busan.
    • A: Did you use to play piano?  B: Yes, I used to.
    • A: Where did you live before Busan?  B: I used to live in Daegu.
    • They used to be friends.

    ✏️ 연습문제

    1. I __________ play with my friends after school.
    2. She __________ live in Seoul.
    3. They __________ go there often.
    ✅ 정답 보기
    1. used to
    2. used to
    3. used to

    ✏️ 총괄 문제 15문항 — 알맞은 조동사를 쓰세요.

    1. You __________ see a doctor. (조언)
    2. He __________ be at home. (강한 추측)
    3. __________ I open the window? (허락 요청)
    4. I __________ live in Daegu when I was young. (과거 습관)
    5. She __________ (not) come today. (불필요)
    6. You __________ not smoke here. (금지)
    7. I __________ order pasta. (정중한 소망)
    8. He __________ finish this report by today. (외부 의무)
    9. You __________ study more. (조언)
    10. You __________ leave now. (강한 경고)
    11. She __________ speak English when she was five. (과거 능력)
    12. You __________ (not) worry. (불필요)
    13. He __________ call me when he arrives. (미래 의지)
    14. They __________ join us for dinner. (정중한 소망)
    15. You __________ (not) make that mistake again. (강한 경고)
    ✅ 총괄 정답 보기
    1. should
    2. must
    3. May
    4. used to
    5. doesn't have to
    6. must not
    7. would like to
    8. has to
    9. should
    10. had better
    11. could
    12. don't have to
    13. will
    14. would like to
    15. had better not
    조동사 완전 정리

    📘 핵심 요약표

    조동사 의미 용도 부정형
    can~할 수 있다 / ~해도 된다능력, 허락can't / cannot
    may~해도 된다 / ~일지도 모른다허락, 가능성may not
    will~할 것이다 / ~하겠다미래, 의지won't
    must~해야 한다 / ~임에 틀림없다강한 의무, 강한 추측must not (금지)
    have to~해야 한다 (외부 요인)상황·규칙 의무don't have to (불필요)
    should~하는 게 좋다조언, 권고should not
    would like to~하고 싶다 (정중)공손한 소망would not like to
    had better~하는 게 좋다 (경고)강한 조언had better not
    used to예전에 ~하곤 했다과거 습관·상태didn't use to

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