문법특강

체계적인 영문법 학습

복합문장 구조의 이해

그가 생각하던 것보다 훨씬 복잡한 상황이었고, 아무도 그 사실을 몰랐어 — 여러 절이 얽힌 복잡한 영어 문장을 읽고 직접 쓸 수 있게 되는 고급 완성 과정입니다.

2025년 10월 12일

약 38분 소요

New1English

고급문법

복합문

관계사

⭐ 복합문장이란?

단순한 문장에서 벗어나 여러 절(clause)을 연결하고 조합하여 복잡하고 세련된 영어 문장을 만드는 방법을 학습합니다. 뉴스·에세이·고급 회화에서 자주 등장하는 구조들입니다.

① 단순문(Simple Sentence) — 주어 + 동사 하나

② 복합문(Compound Sentence) — 등위접속사로 두 절 연결

③ 복문(Complex Sentence) — 주절 + 종속절

④ 혼합문(Compound-Complex) — 복합문 + 복문의 조합

1️⃣ 문장의 4가지 종류

① 단순문 (Simple Sentence)

하나의 주어 + 하나의 동사(절). 가장 기본적인 구조.

I study. (나는 공부한다.)

She loves coffee. (그녀는 커피를 좋아한다.)

The dog is sleeping on the sofa. (개가 소파에서 자고 있다.)

② 복합문 (Compound Sentence)

두 개의 독립절을 등위접속사(and / but / or / so / yet)로 연결.

I study, and she works. (나는 공부하고, 그녀는 일한다.)

It was cold, but we went out. (추웠지만 우리는 나갔다.)

He was tired, so he went to bed early. (피곤해서 일찍 잠자리에 들었다.)

③ 복문 (Complex Sentence)

주절 + 종속절의 구조. 종속절은 주절 없이는 뜻이 완전하지 않음.

Although it was raining, we enjoyed the picnic. (비가 왔지만 소풍을 즐겼다.)

I will call you when I arrive. (도착하면 전화할게.)

She succeeded because she worked hard. (열심히 했기 때문에 성공했다.)

④ 혼합문 (Compound-Complex Sentence)

복합문과 복문을 결합한 가장 복잡한 구조. 고급 영어에서 자주 등장.

Although she was tired, she finished her project, and her boss praised her.

I studied hard because I wanted to pass, but the exam was cancelled.

✏️ 연습문제 — 다음 문장의 종류를 고르세요. (단순문 / 복합문 / 복문 / 혼합문)

She sings well.

I was hungry, so I ate a sandwich.

Because it rained, we stayed inside.

Although he studied, he failed, but he tried again.

✅ 정답 보기

단순문
복합문
복문
혼합문

2️⃣ 관계사절 — 두 문장을 하나로

관계대명사 (who / which / that / whose / whom)

관계대명사	선행사	예문
who	사람 (주격)	The man who called you is my friend.
whom	사람 (목적격)	The girl whom I met was kind.
which	사물 / 동물	The book which I read was amazing.
that	사람 / 사물	The car that she drives is red.
whose	소유 (사람/사물)	The student whose bag was lost cried.

관계부사 (where / when / why / how)

관계부사	나타내는 것	예문
where	장소	The city where I was born is beautiful.
when	시간	The day when we met was rainy.
why	이유	The reason why she left is unclear.
how	방법	I know how he solved the problem.

✏️ 연습문제 — 빈칸에 알맞은 관계사를 쓰세요.

I know a woman. She speaks five languages. → I know a woman ________ speaks five languages.

This is the house. I grew up there. → This is the house ________ I grew up.

I remember the day. We first met then. → I remember the day ________ we first met.

The bag was stolen. Its handle was red. → The bag ________ handle was red was stolen.

That is the reason. She left early for that reason. → That is the reason ________ she left early.

✅ 정답 보기

who
where
when
whose
why

3️⃣ 접속사와 연결어 — 문장을 논리적으로

관계	접속사 / 연결어	예문
원인·이유	because, since, as	She cried because she was sad.
결과	so, therefore, thus	It rained; therefore, we cancelled.
대조	although, though, while, whereas, however	Although he tried, he failed.
시간	when, while, before, after, until, as soon as	Call me as soon as you arrive.
조건	if, unless, provided that	Unless you hurry, you will be late.
양보	even though, even if, no matter how	Even though it was expensive, she bought it.

✏️ 연습문제 — 알맞은 접속사를 고르세요.

________ (Because / Although) she studied hard, she passed the exam.

I will wait ________ (until / since) you come back.

________ (Unless / If) you practice every day, you will improve.

He was rich; ________ (however / therefore), he was not happy.

________ (While / Before) I was sleeping, someone knocked on the door.

✅ 정답 보기

Because
until
If
however
While

4️⃣ 고급 문장 패턴

① 분사구문 — 부사절을 분사로 압축

접속사 + 주어를 생략하고 동사를 분사(-ing / p.p.)로 바꿔 간결하게 표현.

Because she was tired, → Being tired, she went to bed early.

After I finished my work, → Finishing my work, I went home.

When he saw me, → Seeing me, he smiled.

② 도치 — 강조를 위해 어순을 뒤집기

부정어(never/not only/rarely 등)가 문두에 오면 주어와 동사가 도치됨.

I have never seen such a thing. → Never have I seen such a thing!

She not only sings but also dances. → Not only does she sing but she also dances.

I had hardly arrived when it began to rain. → Hardly had I arrived when it began to rain.

③ 강조 구문 — It is ~ that ...

It is/was + 강조 요소 + that/who + 나머지 형태로 특정 요소를 강조.

She met Tom yesterday. → It was Tom that she met yesterday. (Tom을 강조)

He broke the window. → It was he who broke the window. (he를 강조)

I saw her in the park. → It was in the park that I saw her. (장소 강조)

④ 생략과 대용 — 반복 피하기

이미 나온 내용을 반복하지 않고 대용어나 생략으로 처리.

I want to go, and she does too. (그녀도 가고 싶어.)

He can swim, but I cannot. (나는 못 해.)

She said she would come, but she didn't. (오지 않았어.)

✏️ 연습문제

I have never eaten such delicious food. → Never ________

She solved the problem. (she 강조) → It was ________

Being tired, she stopped working. → (원래 부사절로) Because ________

✅ 정답 보기

Never have I eaten such delicious food.

It was she who solved the problem.

Because she was tired, she stopped working.

5️⃣ 실전 복합문장 만들기

주어진 두 문장을 하나의 복합문장으로 연결하세요.

He worked hard. He wanted to succeed. → (because 사용)

The woman is my teacher. She is standing over there. → (who 사용)

She was tired. She finished the report. → (Although 사용)

This is the restaurant. We had our first date there. → (where 사용)

I had just fallen asleep. The phone rang. → (Hardly had 도치 사용)

✅ 모범 답안 보기

He worked hard because he wanted to succeed.

The woman who is standing over there is my teacher.

Although she was tired, she finished the report.

This is the restaurant where we had our first date.

Hardly had I fallen asleep when the phone rang.

📘 핵심 요약

구조	특징	예
복합문	등위접속사로 두 절 연결	I study and she works.
복문	주절 + 종속절	Although it rained, we went out.
관계사절	두 문장을 하나로 합침	The man who called is my friend.
분사구문	부사절을 분사로 압축	Finishing work, I went home.
도치	부정어 앞 → 주어/동사 도치	Never have I seen this.
강조구문	It is ~ that 강조	It was Tom that she met.