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체계적인 영문법 학습

11

분사구문

음악을 들으며 공부했어(Listening to music, I studied), 수업이 끝나자마자 집에 갔어(The class over, I went home)! 영어를 더 세련되고 간결하게 만드는 분사구문을 마스터합니다.

2026년 2월 27일
약 50분 소요
New1English
고급문법
분사구문


⭐ 핵심 요약



  • • 분사구문: 부사절의 접속사+주어를 제거하고 동사를 V-ing로 바꾼 형태

  • • 분사구문이 나타내는 의미: 시간(when/while), 이유(because/as), 조건(if), 양보(although), 동시동작

  • • 완료 분사구문: Having + p.p. (주절보다 먼저 일어난 일)

  • • 수동 분사구문: Being/Having been + p.p. (종종 Being 생략)

  • • 독립분사구문: 주절과 주어가 다를 때 부사절 주어를 남김

  • • 비인칭 독립분사구문: 관용적으로 주어 없이 쓰이는 표현




1. 분사구문 만들기


분사구문은 부사절에서 접속사와 주어를 제거하고 동사를 현재분사(-ing)로 바꾸어 만듭니다. 부사절의 주어가 주절의 주어와 같을 때만 이 방식을 사용합니다.











단계내용예시
1단계접속사 제거Because she was tired, she went to bed early.
2단계주어 확인 후 제거 (주절과 같으면)she was tired, she went to bed early.
3단계동사를 -ing로 변환Being tired, she went to bed early.
4단계 (선택)Being 생략 가능Tired, she went to bed early.




💡 핵심 규칙



  • • 부정 분사구문: Not/Never + V-ing → Not knowing the way, I asked a stranger.

  • • 부사절 동사가 be동사이면: Being → 주로 생략 가능

  • • 의미가 불명확할 때는 접속사를 남겨두기도 함: When walking to school, ...





예문 5개


When she saw the dog, she ran away. → Seeing the dog, she ran away.

Because he felt sick, he stayed home. → Feeling sick, he stayed home.

As she didn't know the answer, she remained silent. → Not knowing the answer, she remained silent.

While I was waiting for the bus, I read a book. → Waiting for the bus, I read a book.

Because he was exhausted, he couldn't continue. → Exhausted, he couldn't continue. (Being 생략)




✏️ 연습 문제


분사구문으로 바꾸세요.



  1. Because I was tired, I went to sleep. → _______, I went to sleep.

  2. When he opened the door, he found a letter. → _______ the door, he found a letter.

  3. As she didn't understand the question, she asked again. → _______ the question, she asked again.


정답 보기

  1. Tired (Being tired)

  2. Opening

  3. Not understanding





2. 분사구문의 의미 유형


분사구문은 문맥에 따라 다양한 의미를 나타냅니다. 의미가 중요한 경우 접속사를 남겨 명확히 할 수 있습니다.













의미대응 접속사예문
시간when, while, afterWalking to school, I met my old friend.
이유because, as, sinceBeing sick, she stayed at home.
조건ifTurning left, you will see the post office.
양보although, thoughAdmitting he is smart, he is also lazy.
동시동작while, andShe sat reading a novel.
연속동작and thenHe entered the room, throwing his bag on the sofa.




예문 5개


[시간] Arriving at the station, I called a taxi. (역에 도착하자마자 택시를 불렀다)

[이유] Not having any money, I couldn't buy lunch. (돈이 없었기 때문에)

[조건] Taking this medicine regularly, you will recover soon. (이 약을 정기적으로 복용하면)

[양보] Knowing the risks, she decided to proceed anyway. (위험을 알면서도)

[동시동작] He listened to music doing his homework. (숙제를 하면서 음악을 들었다)




✏️ 연습 문제



  1. _______ (live) near the school, she can walk every day. [이유]

  2. _______ (turn) right, you will see the park. [조건]

  3. He sat in the corner, _______ (read) the newspaper. [동시동작]


정답 보기

  1. Living

  2. Turning

  3. reading





3. 완료 분사구문 & 수동 분사구문


완료 분사구문(Having + p.p.)은 부사절의 동작이 주절보다 먼저 일어났을 때 사용합니다. 수동 분사구문은 부사절이 수동태일 때 사용하며, Being은 자주 생략됩니다.










유형구조예문
완료 분사구문Having + p.p.Having finished the work, I went home.
수동 분사구문Being + p.p. (Being 생략 가능)Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
완료 수동Having been + p.p.Having been told the news, she started to cry.




예문 5개


Having eaten dinner, we went for a walk. (= After we had eaten dinner,...)

Having lived in Japan for years, she speaks fluent Japanese. (= Because she had lived in Japan,...)

Written in Korean, the manual is hard for foreigners to understand. (= Because it was written in Korean,...)

Shocked by the news, he couldn't speak for a moment. (= Because he was shocked,...)

Having been rejected twice, he finally gave up applying. (= After he had been rejected twice,...)




✏️ 연습 문제



  1. After I had finished the report, I sent it to my boss. → _______ the report, I sent it to my boss.

  2. Because it was painted red, the car was easy to spot. → _______ red, the car was easy to spot.

  3. After she had been promoted twice, she felt confident. → _______ twice, she felt confident.


정답 보기

  1. Having finished

  2. Painted (Being painted)

  3. Having been promoted





4. 독립 분사구문


부사절의 주어가 주절의 주어와 다를 때는 부사절의 주어를 그대로 남겨 두어야 합니다. 이것을 독립 분사구문(Absolute Participial Phrase)이라고 합니다.










부사절→ 독립 분사구문
As the sun had set, we headed home.The sun having set, we headed home.
Because the weather was fine, we went hiking.The weather being fine, we went hiking.
Since all the tickets were sold out, we couldn't see the show.All the tickets having been sold out, we couldn't see the show.




예문 5개


The meeting having ended, everyone left the conference room.

The children being asleep, the parents finally relaxed.

Time permitting, we will visit the museum after lunch.

The project completed, the team celebrated their success.

Night falling, the temperature dropped significantly.




✏️ 연습 문제



  1. As the test was over, the students cheered. → The test _______, the students cheered.

  2. Because his hands were trembling, he couldn't write. → His hands _______, he couldn't write.

  3. After the sun had risen, the birds began to sing. → The sun _______, the birds began to sing.


정답 보기

  1. being over

  2. trembling

  3. having risen





5. 비인칭 독립 분사구문


관용적으로 굳어진 분사구문으로 주어 없이 사용합니다. 주절의 주어와 달라도 허용되는 표현들입니다.














비인칭 독립 분사구문의미예문
Generally speaking일반적으로 말하면Generally speaking, men are taller than women.
Strictly speaking엄밀히 말하면Strictly speaking, a tomato is a fruit.
Judging from~로 판단하건대Judging from her tone, she seems upset.
Considering~을 고려하면Considering her age, she looks young.
Given (that)~을 감안하면Given his experience, he should handle it well.
Speaking of~에 대해 말하자면Speaking of movies, have you seen that new film?
Frankly speaking솔직히 말하면Frankly speaking, I don't agree with you.




예문 5개


Generally speaking, Korean students are hard-working.

Judging from the dark clouds, it is going to rain.

Considering the circumstances, he made the best decision.

Strictly speaking, you need a permit to park here.

Given that she is new to the job, she is doing remarkably well.




✏️ 연습 문제



  1. _______ speaking, not everyone can become a doctor. [일반적으로 말하면]

  2. _______ his results, he must have studied very hard. [~로 판단하건대]

  3. _______ the price, it is still worth buying. [~을 고려하면]


정답 보기

  1. Generally

  2. Judging from

  3. Considering






📝 총괄 문제 (15문항)



1. 분사구문으로 전환: Because she was tired, she went to bed. → _______

  1. Being tired, she went to bed.
  2. Tired being, she went to bed.
  3. She being tired, went to bed.
  4. To be tired, she went to bed.

2. 완료 분사구문이 맞는 것은? After he had eaten dinner...

  1. Eating dinner, he watched TV.
  2. Having eaten dinner, he watched TV.
  3. Had eaten dinner, he watched TV.
  4. Being eaten dinner, he watched TV.

3. 수동 분사구문이 맞는 것은? Because it was written in English...

  1. Writing in English, the book is hard.
  2. Written in English, the book is hard.
  3. Having written in English, the book is hard.
  4. Write in English, the book is hard.

4. 부정 분사구문이 맞는 것은?

  1. Knowing not the way, I asked.
  2. Not knowing the way, I asked.
  3. Known not the way, I asked.
  4. Not known the way, I asked.

5. 분사구문의 의미는? Turning left, you will see the bank.

  1. 시간
  2. 이유
  3. 조건
  4. 양보

6. 독립 분사구문이 맞는 것은?
As the exam was finished, students left. →

  1. The exam finishing, students left.
  2. Finishing the exam, students left.
  3. The exam being finished, students left.
  4. Being finished the exam, students left.

7. 비인칭 독립 분사구문 "일반적으로 말하면"은?

  1. Strictly speaking
  2. Generally speaking
  3. Judging from
  4. Considering

8. 분사구문의 의미는? Knowing the answer, she raised her hand.

  1. 시간
  2. 이유
  3. 조건
  4. 양보

9. 올바른 분사구문 변환은? While I was cooking, I burned my hand.

  1. Cooked, I burned my hand.
  2. While cooking, I burned my hand.
  3. Having cooked, I burned my hand.
  4. Cook, I burned my hand.

10. 빈칸에 알맞은 비인칭 분사구문은? _______ from his appearance, he must be wealthy.

  1. Judging
  2. Generally
  3. Strictly
  4. Considering

11. 완료 수동 분사구문이 맞는 것은?

  1. Being told the news, she cried.
  2. Having told the news, she cried.
  3. Having been told the news, she cried.
  4. Told having been the news, she cried.

12. 분사구문이 나타내는 의미는? Admitting she is right, I still disagree.

  1. 시간
  2. 이유
  3. 조건
  4. 양보

13. 올바른 독립 분사구문은?
Because the weather was cold, we stayed inside.

  1. Being cold, we stayed inside.
  2. The weather cold, we stayed inside.
  3. The weather being cold, we stayed inside.
  4. Cold the weather, we stayed inside.

14. "엄밀히 말하면"에 해당하는 비인칭 분사구문은?

  1. Generally speaking
  2. Frankly speaking
  3. Strictly speaking
  4. Judging from

15. 다음 분사구문의 전체 의미는?
Having lived abroad for ten years, she speaks English perfectly.

  1. 10년 뒤에 해외에서 살 것이기 때문에
  2. 10년 동안 해외에서 살았기 때문에
  3. 10년간 해외에서 살고 있는 동안
  4. 10년 후 해외에서 살 예정이어서



📋 총괄 문제 정답 보기

1. A

2. B

3. B

4. B

5. C

6. C

7. B

8. B

9. B

10. A

11. C

12. D

13. C

14. C

15. B