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11

수동태 심화편

내 지갑이 도난당했어(My wallet was stolen), 그 소식이 알려졌어(It is known that...)! 기본 수동태를 넘어 완료형·조동사·지각동사·사역동사 수동태까지 마스터합니다.

2025년 10월 15일
약 72분 소요
New1English
수동태
중급문법



⭐ 수동태 심화편


기본 수동태(be + p.p.)를 넘어 다양한 심화 패턴을 익힙니다. 사역동사·지각동사 수동태, 동사구 수동태, by 이외의 전치사, 완료형·조동사 수동태까지 폭넓게 다룹니다.



🔹 기본 복습


능동: 주어 + 동사 + 목적어  →  수동: 주어 + be + p.p. (+ by 행위자)







1️⃣ 수동태로 쓰이지 않는 동사 (자동사)


목적어를 취하지 않는 완전자동사는 수동태를 만들 수 없습니다. 주어 자체가 동작을 경험하기 때문입니다.



⚠️ 수동태 불가 자동사











































동사 의미 올바른 예문 (능동만 가능)
happen 일어나다 The accident happened yesterday.
occur 발생하다 The earthquake occurred at midnight.
arise 생기다 Problems arose during the process.
appear 나타나다 A rainbow appeared in the sky.
disappear 사라지다 The fog disappeared by noon.
consist (of) ~로 구성되다 The team consists of ten members.




✏️ 연습문제 — 틀린 수동태 문장 고치기



  1. The accident was happened by bad weather. → 올바른 문장?

  2. A new idea was occurred to him. → 올바른 문장?

  3. The problem was arisen suddenly. → 올바른 문장?



✅ 정답 보기

  1. The accident happened because of bad weather.

  2. A new idea occurred to him.

  3. The problem arose suddenly.








2️⃣ 사역동사 수동태


사역동사(make, have, let)가 수동태가 될 때 각각 다른 패턴을 씁니다.
































사역동사 능동태 수동태 변환 수동태 예문
make make + O + 동사원형 be made to + 동사원형 She was made to clean the room.
have have + O + 동사원형 수동태 잘 쓰지 않음 (get을 사용) I got my hair cut. (by a stylist)
let let + O + 동사원형 be allowed to + 동사원형 He was allowed to leave early.



💡 핵심 포인트



  • make 수동태: 원형부정사 → to부정사로 바뀜 (to가 생김!)

  • The teacher made him stay after school. → He was made to stay after school.

  • They made her apologize. → She was made to apologize.

  • let 수동태: be allowed to (let be allowed to는 어색한 표현)

  • They let the prisoners go. → The prisoners were allowed to go.




✏️ 연습문제 — 수동태로 전환



  1. The manager made the employees work overtime. → The employees ___________________

  2. They let the students choose their own topics. → The students ___________________

  3. My parents made me practice piano every day. → I ___________________

  4. The boss let them go home early. → They ___________________



✅ 정답 보기

  1. The employees were made to work overtime (by the manager).

  2. The students were allowed to choose their own topics.

  3. I was made to practice piano every day (by my parents).

  4. They were allowed to go home early (by the boss).








3️⃣ 지각동사 수동태


지각동사(see, hear, feel, watch, notice 등)도 수동태에서 원형부정사가 to부정사로 바뀝니다.




























능동태 수동태
We saw him enter the building. He was seen to enter the building.
They heard her sing a song. She was heard to sing a song.
I noticed him leave early. He was noticed to leave early.
They watched her dance on stage. She was watched to dance on stage.



🔹 진행형 목적격 보어 → -ing 유지



  • We saw him running. → He was seen running. (to는 붙지 않음)

  • They heard her crying. → She was heard crying.




✏️ 연습문제 — 수동태 전환



  1. People saw the thief steal the wallet. → The thief ___________________

  2. Everyone heard the singer perform beautifully. → The singer ___________________

  3. Security noticed him enter the restricted area. → He ___________________

  4. They watched the children play in the park. → The children ___________________



✅ 정답 보기

  1. The thief was seen to steal the wallet.

  2. The singer was heard to perform beautifully.

  3. He was noticed to enter the restricted area.

  4. The children were watched to play in the park. / The children were watched playing in the park.








4️⃣ 동사구의 수동태 (Phrasal Verb Passives)


동사구(동사 + 전치사/부사)는 하나의 단위로 수동태를 만듭니다. 전치사/부사를 반드시 유지해야 합니다.
















































동사구 능동태 예문 수동태
look after She looks after the children. The children are looked after by her.
take care of They take care of the elderly. The elderly are taken care of by them.
laugh at People laughed at him. He was laughed at (by people).
look up to Students look up to her. She is looked up to by students.
deal with The team dealt with the issue. The issue was dealt with by the team.
put off They put off the meeting. The meeting was put off (by them).
bring up His grandparents brought him up. He was brought up by his grandparents.



✏️ 연습문제 — 수동태 전환



  1. His aunt brought him up after his parents passed away. → He ___________________

  2. Everyone looks up to the principal. → The principal ___________________

  3. They put off the concert due to rain. → The concert ___________________

  4. The nurse takes care of the patients carefully. → The patients ___________________

  5. People laughed at his idea at first. → His idea ___________________



✅ 정답 보기

  1. He was brought up by his aunt after his parents passed away.

  2. The principal is looked up to by everyone.

  3. The concert was put off due to rain.

  4. The patients are taken care of carefully by the nurse.

  5. His idea was laughed at at first.








5️⃣ by 이외의 전치사를 쓰는 수동태


일부 수동태 표현은 by 대신 다른 전치사를 사용합니다. 이 표현들은 관용어처럼 통째로 암기하는 것이 좋습니다.




































































표현 전치사 예문
be interested in She is interested in music.
be surprised at / by He was surprised at the news.
be satisfied with They were satisfied with the result.
be pleased with She was pleased with her grade.
be disappointed at / with He was disappointed at the outcome.
be worried about She is worried about her exam.
be tired of / from He is tired of waiting. / tired from work.
be known for / to / as She is known for her kindness. / known to everyone.
be covered with / in The ground is covered with snow.
be filled with The room is filled with laughter.
be made of / from This table is made of wood. / Wine is made from grapes.



💡 made of vs made from



  • be made of: 원래 재료를 눈으로 알아볼 수 있음 (The desk is made of wood.)

  • be made from: 화학적 변화로 원재료를 알아볼 수 없음 (Cheese is made from milk.)




✏️ 연습문제 — 알맞은 전치사 채우기



  1. She is interested ___ learning new languages.

  2. He was disappointed ___ his test score.

  3. The jar is filled ___ honey.

  4. This statue is made ___ marble.

  5. They are satisfied ___ the service.

  6. She is known ___ her generosity.

  7. He is worried ___ his health.

  8. Paper is made ___ wood pulp. (원재료 식별 불가)



✅ 정답 보기

  1. in

  2. at / with

  3. with

  4. of

  5. with

  6. for

  7. about

  8. from








6️⃣ 완료형 수동태



✅ 패턴: have/has/had + been + p.p.



현재완료 수동: have/has been + p.p.  |  과거완료 수동: had been + p.p.



































시제 능동태 수동태
현재완료 They have built a new bridge. A new bridge has been built.
현재완료 She has written the report. The report has been written by her.
과거완료 They had already finished the project. The project had already been finished.
과거완료 Someone had stolen her wallet before she noticed. Her wallet had been stolen before she noticed.



✏️ 연습문제 — 완료형 수동태로 전환



  1. They have canceled the flight. → The flight ___________________

  2. She has completed the assignment. → The assignment ___________________

  3. We had repaired the car before the trip. → The car ___________________

  4. The company has launched a new product. → A new product ___________________

  5. Someone had broken the window before I arrived. → The window ___________________



✅ 정답 보기

  1. The flight has been canceled.

  2. The assignment has been completed by her.

  3. The car had been repaired before the trip.

  4. A new product has been launched by the company.

  5. The window had been broken before I arrived.








7️⃣ 조동사 수동태



🔹 패턴: 조동사 + be + p.p.



must / can / should / will / may / might + be + p.p.













































조동사 능동태 수동태
must You must submit the form. The form must be submitted.
can You can solve this problem. This problem can be solved.
should We should complete the task. The task should be completed.
will They will announce the winner. The winner will be announced.
may Someone may cancel the event. The event may be canceled.
could have They could have avoided the mistake. The mistake could have been avoided.



✏️ 연습문제 — 조동사 수동태 전환



  1. You must return the books by Friday. → The books ___________________

  2. They can repair the machine. → The machine ___________________

  3. We should review the contract carefully. → The contract ___________________

  4. Someone will deliver the package tomorrow. → The package ___________________

  5. They might postpone the deadline. → The deadline ___________________

  6. We could have prevented the accident. → The accident ___________________



✅ 정답 보기

  1. The books must be returned by Friday.

  2. The machine can be repaired.

  3. The contract should be reviewed carefully.

  4. The package will be delivered tomorrow.

  5. The deadline might be postponed.

  6. The accident could have been prevented.








8️⃣ 종합 심화 연습문제



✏️ Part A — 오류 수정 (틀린 부분 찾기)



  1. The accident was happened near the school. → 수정: ___

  2. She was made clean her room. → 수정: ___

  3. He was seen enter the building. → 수정: ___

  4. The window has been broke. → 수정: ___

  5. The report must submitted today. → 수정: ___



✅ 정답 보기

  1. The accident happened near the school. (happen은 자동사)

  2. She was made to clean her room. (make 수동 → to 추가)

  3. He was seen to enter the building. (지각동사 수동 → to 추가)

  4. The window has been broken. (broken이 맞는 p.p.)

  5. The report must be submitted today. (조동사 수동 → be 추가)





✏️ Part B — 능동 → 수동 전환 (심화)



  1. His parents brought him up in a small village. → He ___________________

  2. We have not yet solved the problem. → The problem ___________________

  3. They must finish the construction by December. → The construction ___________________

  4. Someone had already eaten the cake when I arrived. → The cake ___________________

  5. People laughed at the comedian's old jokes. → The comedian's old jokes ___________________

  6. The teacher made the students rewrite the essay. → The students ___________________



✅ 정답 보기

  1. He was brought up in a small village (by his parents).

  2. The problem has not yet been solved.

  3. The construction must be finished by December.

  4. The cake had already been eaten when I arrived.

  5. The comedian's old jokes were laughed at (by people).

  6. The students were made to rewrite the essay (by the teacher).





✏️ Part C — 전치사 선택



  1. She was surprised ___ his sudden appearance. (at / by / with)

  2. The children are taken care ___ by their grandmother. (of / from / for)

  3. This ring is made ___ gold. (of / from / by)

  4. He is known ___ his outstanding leadership. (for / to / with)

  5. I am tired ___ doing the same thing every day. (of / from / at)

  6. The hall was filled ___ excited fans. (with / of / by)



✅ 정답 보기

  1. at (또는 by)

  2. of

  3. of

  4. for

  5. of

  6. with








📘 핵심 요약





















































패턴 형태 예문
자동사 (수동 불가) 능동형만 사용 The accident happened.
make 수동 be made to + V She was made to clean.
let 수동 be allowed to + V He was allowed to go.
지각동사 수동 be seen/heard to + V He was seen to leave.
동사구 수동 be + V + prep (통째) He was laughed at.
완료형 수동 have/had been + p.p. It has been done.
조동사 수동 조동사 + be + p.p. It must be fixed.
전치사 관용표현 be p.p. + in/with/at/of… She is interested in it.