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체계적인 영문법 학습

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수동태 기본

This letter was written in French, The cake was made by mom처럼 행동의 대상에 초점을 맞출 때 쓰는 수동태! 원어민처럼 자연스럽게 쓰는 법을 배웁니다.

2025년 10월 14일
약 31분 소요
New1English
수동태
기초문법





⭐ 수동태 (Passive Voice)


수동태는 동작을 받는 대상이 주어가 되는 문장 형태입니다. "누가 했느냐"보다 "무엇이 되었느냐"에 초점을 맞출 때 사용합니다.



🔹 기본 형태


주어 + be동사 + 과거분사(p.p.) [+ by + 행위자]







1️⃣ 능동태 vs 수동태 비교




✅ 능동태 → 수동태 변환 방법


능동태의 목적어 → 수동태의 주어 / 동사 → be + p.p. / 능동태의 주어 → by + 행위자




  • 능동: Tom wrote this book.

    수동: This book was written by Tom.


  • 능동: They clean the office every day.

    수동: The office is cleaned every day.


  • 능동: Someone stole my wallet.

    수동: My wallet was stolen.





💡 by + 행위자 생략 가능한 경우


행위자가 불명확하거나, 일반인(people/they/someone)이거나, 중요하지 않을 때 생략합니다.



  • The window was broken. (누가 했는지 모름)

  • English is spoken all over the world. (일반인)

  • The report must be submitted by Friday. (행위자 불중요)





✏️ 연습문제 — 능동태를 수동태로 바꾸세요



  1. She writes a letter. → A letter ________ by her.

  2. They built this bridge in 1990. → This bridge ________ in 1990.

  3. Someone is watching us. → We ________ by someone.



✅ 정답 보기

  1. is written

  2. was built

  3. are being watched








2️⃣ 시제별 수동태 형태




















시제 형태 예문
현재am/is/are + p.p.The car is washed every week.
과거was/were + p.p.The letter was sent yesterday.
미래will be + p.p.The project will be finished soon.
현재진행am/is/are being + p.p.The road is being repaired.
과거진행was/were being + p.p.The building was being constructed.
현재완료have/has been + p.p.The email has been sent.
과거완료had been + p.p.The window had been broken before we arrived.
조동사조동사 + be + p.p.This rule must be followed.




📌 시제별 추가 예문



  • 현재완료 수동: The problem has been solved. (문제가 해결되었다)

  • 미래 수동: New employees will be hired next month. (다음 달 신입이 채용될 것이다)

  • 조동사 수동: This medicine should be taken with water. (이 약은 물과 함께 복용해야 한다)





✏️ 연습문제 — 알맞은 수동태를 쓰세요



  1. This song ________ (write) by BTS in 2019. (과거 수동)

  2. The new museum ________ (build) next year. (미래 수동)

  3. The packages ________ (deliver) right now. (현재진행 수동)

  4. My car ________ (repair) since last Monday. (현재완료 수동)



✅ 정답 보기

  1. was written

  2. will be built

  3. are being delivered

  4. has been repaired








3️⃣ 수동태 부정문과 의문문




❌ 부정문: be동사 뒤에 not 추가



  • The door is not locked. (문이 잠겨 있지 않다)

  • The report was not submitted on time. (보고서가 제때 제출되지 않았다)

  • The package has not been delivered yet. (소포가 아직 배달되지 않았다)





❓ 의문문: be동사를 문장 앞으로



  • Is this book written in English? (이 책은 영어로 쓰였나요?)

  • Was the meeting cancelled? (회의가 취소됐나요?)

  • Has the problem been fixed? (문제가 해결됐나요?)

  • Will the event be held indoors? (행사가 실내에서 열릴 예정인가요?)





🔍 의문사 + 수동태



  • When was this photo taken? (이 사진은 언제 찍혔나요?)

  • Where are these products made? (이 제품들은 어디서 만들어지나요?)

  • Why was the game postponed? (왜 경기가 연기됐나요?)





✏️ 연습문제 — 부정문/의문문으로 바꾸세요



  1. The windows are cleaned. → 부정문: The windows ________ ________.

  2. The letter was sent yesterday. → 의문문: ________ the letter ________ yesterday?

  3. The project will be completed by June. → 의문문: ________ the project ________ ________ by June?



✅ 정답 보기

  1. are not cleaned

  2. Was / sent

  3. Will / be completed








4️⃣ 주의해야 할 수동태 표현




✅ 4형식(수여동사) 수동태


4형식 문장은 목적어가 2개이므로 수동태도 2가지 가능합니다.




  • 능동: She gave me a gift.

    수동①: I was given a gift by her.

    수동②: A gift was given to me by her.


  • 능동: They showed us the results.

    수동①: We were shown the results.

    수동②: The results were shown to us.





🌟 5형식(목적보어) 수동태


목적보어가 수동태에서도 그대로 남습니다.



  • 능동: They call him a genius. → 수동: He is called a genius.

  • 능동: We consider her smart. → 수동: She is considered smart.

  • 능동: They made me feel welcome. → 수동: I was made to feel welcome.





❌ 수동태로 만들 수 없는 동사들


자동사(목적어 없는 동사)는 수동태 불가합니다.



  • happen, occur, appear, disappear, exist, rise, fall, belong

  • ❌ The accident was happened. (틀림!)

  • ✅ The accident happened. (맞음)





✏️ 연습문제 — 올바른 수동태 고르기



  1. My father bought me this watch. → I ________ this watch ________ my father.

  2. People call New York "the Big Apple." → New York ________ "the Big Apple."

  3. Something strange happened. → Something strange ________ (수동태 가능/불가?)



✅ 정답 보기

  1. was bought / by

  2. is called

  3. 수동태 불가 (happen은 자동사)








📘 핵심 요약

















시제 형태 예문
현재 수동am/is/are + p.p.It is made in Korea.
과거 수동was/were + p.p.It was built in 1900.
미래 수동will be + p.p.It will be finished soon.
진행 수동is/was being + p.p.It is being repaired.
완료 수동have/has been + p.p.It has been sold.
조동사 수동조동사 + be + p.p.It must be done.