추천
12
조동사와 다양한 표현들
할 수 있어(can), 해야만 해(must), 아마 올 거야(will)! 조동사 하나로 하고 싶은 말을 훨씬 정확하게 전달할 수 있어요. 영어 회화에 꼭 필요한 조동사를 완전 정복합니다.
2025년 12월 12일
약 55분 소요
New1English
기초문법
⭐ 조동사와 다양한 표현들 (Modal Verbs)
조동사는 동사의 의미를 더 정확하고 풍부하게 만들어 주는 '도우미 동사'입니다. 기본 동사 앞에 와서 능력, 가능, 허락, 의무, 추측, 미래 의지 등을 표현합니다.
🔹 핵심 규칙
조동사는 홀로 쓰이지 않고 본동사의 원형과 함께 씁니다. 예: can speak / must go / will help
능력 · 가능 · 허락
1️⃣ CAN — ~할 수 있다 / ~해도 된다
| 항목 | 내용 |
|---|---|
| 개념 | "~할 수 있다", "~해도 된다" |
| 부정형 | cannot / can't = "~할 수 없다" |
- I can swim very well.
- She can speak three languages.
- A: Can I use your laptop? B: Yes, you can.
- A: Can you help me with this? B: Sure, I can.
- It can be dangerous at night.
✏️ 연습문제
- I __________ play the guitar.
- She __________ (not) drive a car.
- __________ you speak Japanese?
✅ 정답 보기
- can
- can't
- Can
허락 · 가능성
2️⃣ MAY — ~해도 된다 / ~일지도 모른다
| 항목 | 내용 |
|---|---|
| 개념 | "~해도 된다", "~일지도 모른다" |
| 부정형 | may not = 부정 가능성 / 제한적 불허 |
- You may leave now.
- It may rain tomorrow.
- A: May I sit here? B: Yes, you may.
- A: May I open the window? B: Sure, go ahead.
- She may not know the answer.
✏️ 연습문제
- You __________ leave early today.
- __________ I borrow your book?
- It __________ snow tonight.
✅ 정답 보기
- may
- May
- may
미래 · 의지 · 약속
3️⃣ WILL — ~할 것이다 / ~하겠다
| 항목 | 내용 |
|---|---|
| 개념 | "~할 것이다", "~하겠다" |
| 부정형 | will not / won't = "~하지 않을 것이다" |
- I will call you tomorrow.
- They will arrive soon.
- A: Will you join us for dinner? B: Yes, I will.
- A: Will it rain tonight? B: I think it will.
- She will be happy to see you.
✏️ 연습문제
- I __________ visit my parents this weekend.
- She __________ (not) go to the party.
- __________ you help me with this?
✅ 정답 보기
- will
- won't
- Will
강한 의무 · 금지 · 강한 추측
4️⃣ MUST — ~해야 한다 / ~해서는 안 된다 / ~임에 틀림없다
| 항목 | 내용 |
|---|---|
| 개념 | "~해야 한다", "~해서는 안 된다", "~임에 틀림없다" |
| 부정형 | must not = 금지 (절대 ~하면 안 된다) |
- You must wear a seat belt.
- Students must submit homework on time.
- A: Must I finish this today? B: Yes, you must.
- A: Must I not enter here? B: Yes, you must not.
- She must be tired. (강한 추측)
⚠️ 주의: must not vs. don't have to
must not = 금지 (하면 안 됨) | don't have to = 불필요 (안 해도 됨)
✏️ 연습문제
- You __________ follow the rules.
- She __________ (not) touch that machine.
- He __________ be very upset. (강한 추측)
✅ 정답 보기
- must
- must not
- must
외부 요인 의무
5️⃣ HAVE TO — 상황·규칙 때문에 ~해야 한다
| 항목 | 내용 |
|---|---|
| 개념 | 상황·규칙 때문에 "~해야 한다" |
| 부정형 | don't/doesn't have to = "할 필요 없다" |
- I have to work today.
- She has to wake up early.
- A: Do you have to go now? B: Yes, I have to.
- A: Does he have to pay today? B: No, he doesn't have to.
- They have to finish the task.
✏️ 연습문제
- I __________ leave early tomorrow.
- She __________ (not) do it now.
- They __________ follow the rules.
✅ 정답 보기
- have to
- doesn't have to
- have to
조언
6️⃣ SHOULD — ~하는 게 좋다
| 항목 | 내용 |
|---|---|
| 개념 | "~하는 게 좋다" (조언·권고) |
| 부정형 | should not = "~하지 않는 게 좋다" |
- You should get more sleep.
- He should study harder.
- A: Should I take this job? B: Yes, you should.
- A: Should I go now? B: You should not.
- She should visit a doctor.
✏️ 연습문제
- You __________ take a rest.
- He __________ (not) be rude.
- She __________ join us.
✅ 정답 보기
- should
- should not
- should
정중한 표현
7️⃣ WOULD LIKE TO — 공손하게 ~하고 싶다
| 항목 | 내용 |
|---|---|
| 개념 | 공손하게 "~하고 싶다" (want보다 격식체) |
| 부정형 | would not like to = "~하고 싶지 않다" |
- I would like to order coffee.
- She would like to meet you.
- A: What would you like to drink? B: I'd like iced tea.
- A: Would you like to join us? B: Yes, I would like to.
- They would like to ask a question.
✏️ 연습문제
- I __________ to have tea.
- She __________ to see you.
- They __________ to join the class.
✅ 정답 보기
- would like
- would like
- would like
강한 조언 (경고)
8️⃣ HAD BETTER — ~하는 게 좋다 (안 하면 나쁜 결과)
| 항목 | 내용 |
|---|---|
| 개념 | "~하는 게 좋다" (should보다 강한 경고 뉘앙스) |
| 부정형 | had better not |
- You had better hurry.
- You had better not be late.
- A: My exam is tomorrow. B: You had better study tonight.
- A: I skipped lunch today. B: You had better not skip meals.
- She had better take medicine.
✏️ 연습문제
- You __________ leave now.
- You __________ (not) make that mistake.
- She __________ study tonight.
✅ 정답 보기
- had better
- had better not
- had better
과거 습관 · 상태
9️⃣ USED TO — 예전에 ~하곤 했다
| 항목 | 내용 |
|---|---|
| 개념 | "예전에 ~하곤 했다" (지금은 그렇지 않음을 암시) |
| 부정형 | didn't use to |
- I used to play soccer every day.
- She used to live in Busan.
- A: Did you use to play piano? B: Yes, I used to.
- A: Where did you live before Busan? B: I used to live in Daegu.
- They used to be friends.
✏️ 연습문제
- I __________ play with my friends after school.
- She __________ live in Seoul.
- They __________ go there often.
✅ 정답 보기
- used to
- used to
- used to
✏️ 총괄 문제 15문항 — 알맞은 조동사를 쓰세요.
- You __________ see a doctor. (조언)
- He __________ be at home. (강한 추측)
- __________ I open the window? (허락 요청)
- I __________ live in Daegu when I was young. (과거 습관)
- She __________ (not) come today. (불필요)
- You __________ not smoke here. (금지)
- I __________ order pasta. (정중한 소망)
- He __________ finish this report by today. (외부 의무)
- You __________ study more. (조언)
- You __________ leave now. (강한 경고)
- She __________ speak English when she was five. (과거 능력)
- You __________ (not) worry. (불필요)
- He __________ call me when he arrives. (미래 의지)
- They __________ join us for dinner. (정중한 소망)
- You __________ (not) make that mistake again. (강한 경고)
✅ 총괄 정답 보기
- should
- must
- May
- used to
- doesn't have to
- must not
- would like to
- has to
- should
- had better
- could
- don't have to
- will
- would like to
- had better not
📘 핵심 요약표
| 조동사 | 의미 | 용도 | 부정형 |
|---|---|---|---|
| can | ~할 수 있다 / ~해도 된다 | 능력, 허락 | can't / cannot |
| may | ~해도 된다 / ~일지도 모른다 | 허락, 가능성 | may not |
| will | ~할 것이다 / ~하겠다 | 미래, 의지 | won't |
| must | ~해야 한다 / ~임에 틀림없다 | 강한 의무, 강한 추측 | must not (금지) |
| have to | ~해야 한다 (외부 요인) | 상황·규칙 의무 | don't have to (불필요) |
| should | ~하는 게 좋다 | 조언, 권고 | should not |
| would like to | ~하고 싶다 (정중) | 공손한 소망 | would not like to |
| had better | ~하는 게 좋다 (경고) | 강한 조언 | had better not |
| used to | 예전에 ~하곤 했다 | 과거 습관·상태 | didn't use to |