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12

수여동사+직접목적어+간접목적어

He gave me flowers, She told me a story처럼 누구에게 무엇을 동시에 말하는 동사! 원어민이 가장 자주 쓰는 핵심 동사들을 실전 예문으로 완전 정복합니다.

2025년 10월 13일
약 32분 소요
New1English
수여동사
기초문법



⭐ 수여동사 + 간접목적어 + 직접목적어 (4형식)


영어에서 수여동사(Ditransitive Verb)는 '누구에게 무엇을 주다, 보여주다, 말하다, 만들어주다'처럼 두 개의 목적어(사람 + 사물)를 동시에 취하는 동사입니다.



🔹 기본 구조


주어 + 동사 + 간접목적어(사람/IO) + 직접목적어(사물/DO)


예: She gave me(IO) a gift(DO). — 그녀는 나에게 선물을 주었다.







수여동사 기본 개념 인포그래픽

1️⃣ 문형의 개념



4형식 문장에서:



  • 간접목적어(IO) — "누구에게" (주로 사람)

  • 직접목적어(DO) — "무엇을" (주로 사물)




문형 변환: 4형식 → 3형식


S + V + IO + DO → S + V + DO + 전치사(to/for) + IO


She gave me a book. → She gave a book to me.





4형식 3형식 전환 규칙 인포그래픽



TO형 vs FOR형 동사 비교 인포그래픽

2️⃣ 전치사 TO vs FOR 구분법




TO


~에게 (전달, 이동)


주요 동사: give, send, show, tell, lend, teach, offer, promise, pass


"누구에게 전달하다"는 의미



He sent a letter to his friend.



FOR


~을 위해 (봉사, 이익)


주요 동사: buy, make, cook, get, find, build, choose, save


"누구를 위해 하다"는 의미



She cooked dinner for her family.




📍 암기 방법: "to" → 방향·전달 / "for" → 이익·도움







3️⃣ 주요 수여동사 예시



TO형 수여동사 인포그래픽

TO형 동사 (전달·이동)




















동사 4형식 예문 3형식 전환
giveHe gave me some advice.He gave some advice to me.
sendI sent her an email.I sent an email to her.
tellShe told me the truth.She told the truth to me.
showHe showed me the photo.He showed the photo to me.
lendMy father lent me his car.My father lent his car to me.
offerThey offered me a job.They offered a job to me.
teachShe taught us English.She taught English to us.



FOR형 수여동사 인포그래픽

FOR형 동사 (이익·봉사)




















동사 4형식 예문 3형식 전환
buyI bought him a watch.I bought a watch for him.
makeHe made me a sandwich.He made a sandwich for me.
findShe found me a seat.She found a seat for me.
getI got her a cup of coffee.I got a cup of coffee for her.
cookMy mom cooked me breakfast.My mom cooked breakfast for me.
buildHe built them a house.He built a house for them.
chooseI chose him a gift.I chose a gift for him.






수여동사 주의사항 및 흔한 실수 인포그래픽

4️⃣ 4형식 문장의 특징 및 주의사항





1. 간접목적어(IO)는 사람, 직접목적어(DO)는 사물


He gave her(IO) a ring(DO).




2. IO는 DO보다 먼저 온다 (순서 중요!)


동사 바로 뒤에 사람(IO), 그 다음에 사물(DO)




3. 올바른 어순


✅ He gave me a book.


✅ He gave a book to me. (3형식 전환)




4. 전치사 위치 변경 금지


❌ He gave to me a book. (틀림!)






⚠️ 4형식이 불가능한 동사 (시험 빈출!)


explain, suggest, describe, introduce, announce 등 → 반드시 전치사 to를 써야 함


❌ He explained me the rule. → ✅ He explained the rule to me.







5️⃣ 예문 (4형식 ↔ 3형식 전환)



  • He gave me a book. → He gave a book to me. (그는 나에게 책을 주었다.)

  • She sent her friend an email. → She sent an email to her friend.

  • I told my parents the news. → I told the news to my parents.

  • They showed us the new product. → They showed the new product to us.

  • My uncle lent me some money. → My uncle lent some money to me.

  • He made me a sandwich. → He made a sandwich for me. (for형)

  • She bought her son a toy. → She bought a toy for her son. (for형)

  • I found you a place to stay. → I found a place to stay for you. (for형)

  • The teacher taught the students English. → The teacher taught English to the students.

  • He built his parents a new house. → He built a new house for his parents. (for형)






✏️ 연습문제



✏️ 연습문제 (빈칸 채우기 및 전치사 선택)



  1. He gave ______ a present. (그는 나에게 선물을 주었다.)

  2. She sent me a photo. → She sent ______ ______.

  3. I bought him a gift. → I bought ______ ______.

  4. She made a sandwich ___ me. (to / for)

  5. He told a secret ___ his friend. (to / for)

  6. a) He gave to me a book. / b) He gave me a book. → 올바른 문장은?

  7. They showed ______ their new house. (그들은 우리에게 새 집을 보여주었다.)

  8. She built her parents a cottage. → She built ______ ______.

  9. My father lent me his car. → My father lent ______ ______.

  10. We found them a great restaurant. → We found ______ ______.

  11. He offered me some help. → He offered ______ ______.

  12. She cooked her children dinner. → She cooked ______ ______.



✅ 정답 보기

  1. me

  2. a photo to me

  3. a gift for him

  4. for

  5. to

  6. b) He gave me a book.

  7. us

  8. a cottage for her parents

  9. his car to me

  10. a great restaurant for them

  11. some help to me

  12. dinner for her children








수여동사 완전 정리 인포그래픽

📘 핵심 요약
















항목 설명
4형식 기본 구조S + V + IO(사람) + DO(사물)
3형식 전환 (to)give, send, tell, show, lend, teach, offer
3형식 전환 (for)buy, make, cook, get, find, build, choose
4형식 불가 동사explain, suggest, describe, introduce → 무조건 to 사용