문법특강

체계적인 영문법 학습

8

도치와 강조 구문

Never have I seen such beauty! 부정어를 앞에 두면 문장이 강조됩니다. 도치 구문과 It is~that 강조 구문으로 영어에 드라마틱한 힘을 실어보세요. 고급 영어의 맛을 느껴봅니다!

2026년 2월 27일
약 52분 소요
New1English
고급문법
도치
강조구문


⭐ 핵심 요약



  • • 도치: 주어와 동사의 위치를 바꾸는 것. 특정 요소를 강조하거나 문법적으로 필요할 때 사용

  • • 부정어 도치: Never/Seldom/Not only 등 부정어가 문두로 오면 주어+조동사 순서가 바뀜

  • • 장소/방향 도치: Here/There/장소부사구 + V + S

  • • 조건절 도치: if 생략 후 Had/Were/Should를 주어 앞으로

  • • do 강조: do/does/did + 동사원형으로 동사 사실 강조

  • • It is ~ that 강조: 주어·목적어·부사구 강조. "바로 ~이다"




1. 부정어 도치


부정적 의미의 부사(구)가 문장 앞으로 나오면, 뒤에 오는 주어와 조동사의 어순이 의문문 어순(조동사+주어)으로 바뀝니다. 이는 부정어에 특별한 강조를 두기 위한 표현입니다.














부정어일반 문장도치 문장
NeverI have never seen such beauty.Never have I seen such beauty.
SeldomHe seldom goes to the gym.Seldom does he go to the gym.
RarelyShe rarely complains.Rarely does she complain.
HardlyI had hardly arrived when it rained.Hardly had I arrived when it rained.
Not onlyShe not only sang but also danced.Not only did she sing, but she also danced.
No soonerNo sooner had I left than she called.No sooner had I left than she called.
LittleHe little knew what was coming.Little did he know what was coming.




💡 도치 규칙 정리



  • • 조동사/be동사가 있으면: 조동사/be + 주어 순으로 도치

  • • 일반동사이면: do/does/did + 주어 + 동사원형으로 도치

  • • Scarcely/Barely had ~ when: Hardly had ~ when과 같은 구조

  • • No sooner had ~ than: ~하자마자 (than 사용, when과 혼동 주의)





예문 5개


Never have I seen such a breathtaking view. (= I have never seen...)

Not only did he apologize, but he also sent flowers. (= He not only apologized...)

Scarcely had she sat down when the phone rang. (= She had scarcely sat down when...)

Seldom do we get the chance to see such a rare event. (= We seldom get...)

No sooner had the meeting ended than the arguments began. (= The meeting had no sooner ended than...)




✏️ 연습 문제



  1. I have never eaten such delicious food. → Never _______ such delicious food.

  2. She seldom speaks in public. → Seldom _______ in public.

  3. He had hardly started when it began to snow. → Hardly _______ when it began to snow.


정답 보기

  1. have I eaten

  2. does she speak

  3. had he started





2. 장소·방향 부사구 도치


장소나 방향을 나타내는 부사(구)가 문장 앞으로 오면 주어와 동사의 위치가 바뀝니다. 단, 주어가 대명사이면 도치하지 않습니다.










장소/방향 표현도치 형태예문
Here/ThereHere/There + V + S (명사)Here comes the bus. / There goes our chance.
장소 전치사구전치사구 + V + SOn the table lay a book. / In the corner stood a tall man.
방향 부사방향부사 + V + SDown the hill ran the children. / Up the stairs rushed the firefighter.




⚠️ 대명사 주어는 도치 안 함!



Here comes the bus. (명사 주어 → 도치)

Here it comes. (대명사 주어 → 도치 안 함)

Here comes it. (틀림)





예문 5개


There stands a magnificent old church at the center of the town.

Behind the curtain hid the frightened child.

Down the mountain rushed the avalanche, destroying everything in its path.

Here comes the moment we have all been waiting for.

Into the room walked the CEO, followed by the entire board of directors.




✏️ 연습 문제



  1. A dog suddenly ran into the room. → Into the room _______ a dog suddenly.

  2. A tall woman stood by the window. → By the window _______ a tall woman.

  3. Here comes she. (이 문장이 틀린 이유는?) → _______


정답 보기

  1. ran

  2. stood

  3. 대명사(she) 주어일 때는 도치하지 않음. 올바른 문장: Here she comes.





3. 조건절 도치 (if 생략)


가정법에서 if를 생략하고 조동사(Had, Were, Should)를 문장 앞으로 도치하면 더 격식적이고 문어체적인 표현이 됩니다. 주로 공식적인 글쓰기나 고급 영어에서 사용됩니다.











가정법 유형if 포함if 생략 도치
Type 2 (현재반사실)If I were you, ...Were I you, ...
Type 3 (과거반사실)If I had known, ...Had I known, ...
Should 가정If you should need help, ...Should you need help, ...
부정형If it were not for...Were it not for...




예문 5개


Had I known about the problem, I would have solved it immediately.

Were I in your position, I would resign without hesitation.

Should you encounter any difficulties, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Were it not for the generous donations, this charity could not continue its work.

Had they prepared more thoroughly, the presentation would have been a success.




✏️ 연습 문제



  1. If I had seen it, I would have told you. → _______ it, I would have told you.

  2. If she were here, she would know what to do. → _______ here, she would know what to do.

  3. If you should have any questions, ask me. → _______ any questions, ask me.


정답 보기

  1. Had I seen

  2. Were she

  3. Should you have





4. do/does/did 강조


동사의 사실을 강조하고 싶을 때 일반동사 앞에 do/does/did를 넣습니다. 이때 do/does/did는 시제와 주어의 수에 맞게 변화하며, 뒤에 오는 본동사는 반드시 동사원형으로 씁니다.










주어/시제강조 형태예문
현재 (1인칭/2인칭/복수)do + 동사원형I do like you! (정말 좋아한다)
현재 (3인칭 단수)does + 동사원형She does work hard. (정말 열심히 일한다)
과거did + 동사원형He did finish it. (정말로 끝냈다)




💡 do 강조가 쓰이는 상황



  • • 의심이나 반박에 대한 반응: "You never study." / "I do study every day!"

  • • 강한 권유: Do come to my party! (꼭 와 줘!)

  • • 예상치 못한 사실 강조: She did pass the exam after all. (결국 시험을 통과했다)

  • • 대조 강조: I don't like cats, but I do like dogs.





예문 5개


I do appreciate everything you have done for me. (정말 감사하게 생각한다)

He did try his best, but the circumstances were against him. (정말로 최선을 다했다)

She does have a point. (그녀는 정말 일리 있는 말을 한다)

Do feel free to contact me if you need anything. (편하게 연락하세요)

They do understand the risks, but they chose to proceed anyway.




✏️ 연습 문제



  1. I know she seems calm, but she _______ worry a lot. (현재 강조)

  2. He _______ tell you about it, even if you didn't hear. (과거 강조)

  3. _______ come and visit us sometime! (강한 권유)


정답 보기

  1. does

  2. did

  3. Do





5. It is/was ~ that 강조 구문


"It is/was + 강조 요소 + that ~" 구조로 특정 요소(주어, 목적어, 부사구)를 강하게 강조합니다. "바로 ~이다"라고 해석하며, 강조하는 요소가 사람이면 that 대신 who도 사용 가능합니다.











강조 요소원래 문장강조 구문
주어 강조Tom broke the window.It was Tom that (who) broke the window.
목적어 강조I want this book.It is this book that I want.
부사구 강조I met her yesterday.It was yesterday that I met her.
장소 강조She found the key in the garden.It was in the garden that she found the key.




💡 가주어 it vs 강조 구문 it 구별법



  • • 강조 구문: It is/was + [강조요소] + that ~ → that 이하를 합치면 완전한 문장

  • • 가주어 it: It is/was ~ that ~ → that절이 주어 역할. that 제거 시 불완전

  • • 테스트: "It is ~ that" 구조에서 It is/was와 that을 빼도 문장이 성립하면 강조 구문!





예문 5개


It was John who (that) called you last night, not me. (주어 강조)

It is hard work that leads to success in the end. (목적어 강조)

It was not until midnight that she finally fell asleep. (시간 강조)

It was at this very spot that the famous battle took place centuries ago. (장소 강조)

It was the unexpected support from the community that saved the project. (긴 주어 강조)




✏️ 연습 문제



  1. She solved the problem. (she 강조) → It was _______ that solved the problem.

  2. He visited Tokyo last summer. (last summer 강조) → It was _______ that he visited Tokyo.

  3. I need this document. (this document 강조) → It is _______ that I need.


정답 보기

  1. she (who)

  2. last summer

  3. this document






📝 총괄 문제 (15문항)



1. 부정어 도치가 맞는 문장은?

  1. Never I have seen such a sight.
  2. Never have I seen such a sight.
  3. Never seen I have such a sight.
  4. Never I seen have such a sight.

2. 도치 변환이 맞는 것은?
She seldom complains.

  1. Seldom she complains.
  2. Seldom complains she.
  3. Seldom does she complain.
  4. Seldom did she complain.

3. 장소 도치가 맞는 것은?
A cat sat on the mat.

  1. On the mat sat a cat.
  2. On the mat a cat sat.
  3. On the mat did a cat sit.
  4. Sat on the mat a cat.

4. 대명사 주어일 때 올바른 것은?
Here _______

  1. Here comes he.
  2. Here he comes.
  3. Comes here he.
  4. He here comes.

5. if 생략 도치가 맞는 것은?
If I had been there, ...

  1. Had been I there, ...
  2. I had been there, ...
  3. Had I been there, ...
  4. Been I had there, ...

6. do 강조가 올바른 것은?

  1. She does likes him.
  2. She does like him.
  3. She do like him.
  4. She did likes him.

7. It is ~ that 강조 구문: 주어 강조가 맞는 것은?
Jane wrote this letter.

  1. It is this letter that Jane wrote.
  2. It was Jane who wrote this letter.
  3. It was Jane that this letter wrote.
  4. It was written by Jane that.

8. 부정어 Not only 도치가 맞는 것은?
She not only sang but also danced.

  1. Not only she sang but also danced.
  2. Not only sang she but also danced.
  3. Not only did she sing but she also danced.
  4. Not only she did sing but also danced.

9. "No sooner had + 주어 _____ than" 빈칸에 알맞은 것은?
No sooner had he left than she arrived. → 이 구조에서 than 앞에 오는 것은?

  1. 과거분사
  2. 현재분사
  3. 동사원형
  4. to부정사

10. It is ~ that 강조: 시간 강조가 맞는 것은?
She called me yesterday.

  1. It was me that she called yesterday.
  2. It was yesterday that she called me.
  3. It is she that called me yesterday.
  4. It was called that she yesterday me.

11. 다음 문장을 강조 구문으로 바꾼 것 중 맞는 것은?
They met at a coffee shop. (장소 강조)

  1. It was at a coffee shop where they met.
  2. It was at a coffee shop that they met.
  3. It was they that met at a coffee shop.
  4. At a coffee shop it was that they met.

12. do 강조 올바른 과거 강조는?
He finished it. (강조)

  1. He does finish it.
  2. He did finished it.
  3. He did finish it.
  4. He do finish it.

13. Were I you와 같은 뜻은?

  1. If I were you
  2. If I had been you
  3. If I am you
  4. Because I am you

14. Hardly had + S + p.p. + _____ 이 구조에서 빈칸에 오는 것은?

  1. when
  2. than
  3. before
  4. after

15. 강조 구문인지 가주어인지 판별: "It is obvious that she is talented."

  1. It is ~ that 강조 구문이다.
  2. 가주어 it 구문이다.
  3. 둘 다 해당된다.
  4. 어느 것도 아니다.



📋 총괄 문제 정답 보기

1. B

2. C

3. A

4. B

5. C

6. B

7. B

8. C

9. A

10. B

11. B

12. C

13. A

14. A

15. B