문법특강

체계적인 영문법 학습

9

To 부정사 ( 1부)

영화 보는 게 좋아(I love to watch), 공부할 게 있어(I have something to study)! to+동사 형태 하나로 문장의 주어·목적어·보어를 모두 표현할 수 있습니다.

2025년 12월 28일
약 46분 소요
New1English
To 부정사
중급문법



⭐ To 부정사 1부 — 명사적 역할


To 부정사(to-infinitive)는 to + 동사원형 형태로, 문장에서 명사·형용사·부사 역할을 할 수 있습니다. 1부에서는 명사적 역할에 집중합니다.



🔹 기본 형태


to + 동사원형  (to study, to eat, to go, to be…)







1️⃣ To 부정사의 명사적 역할 3가지





























역할 위치 예문
주어 문장 맨 앞 To study English is fun.
목적어 동사 뒤 I want to travel the world.
보어 be 동사 뒤 My dream is to become a doctor.






2️⃣ 주어 역할 (Subject)



✅ 문장 맨 앞에서 주어 역할


To 부정사구 전체가 주어가 됩니다. 단, 주어가 길어질 때는 가주어 it을 씁니다.



  • To learn a new language takes time. (새 언어를 배우는 것은 시간이 걸린다.)

  • To exercise every day is important. (매일 운동하는 것은 중요하다.)

  • To give up is not an option. (포기하는 것은 선택지가 아니다.)

  • To make mistakes is natural. (실수를 하는 것은 자연스럽다.)




✏️ 연습문제



  1. _______ every day is good for your health. (운동하는 것)

  2. _______ well requires a lot of practice. (잘 요리하는 것)

  3. _______ early every morning is his habit. (일찍 일어나는 것)



✅ 정답 보기

  1. To exercise every day is good for your health.

  2. To cook well requires a lot of practice.

  3. To wake up early every morning is his habit.








3️⃣ 가주어 구문 — It ~ to 부정사



💡 왜 가주어를 쓰나?


To 부정사가 주어로 쓰이면 문장이 길어집니다. 영어는 가벼운 주어를 선호하기 때문에 It을 가주어로 앞에 두고, 진짜 주어인 to 부정사는 뒤로 보냅니다.



It + be동사 + 형용사/명사 + to + 동사원형





✅ 예문



  • It is important to drink water regularly. (규칙적으로 물을 마시는 것은 중요하다.)

  • It is difficult to speak English fluently. (영어를 유창하게 말하는 것은 어렵다.)

  • It is fun to play chess. (체스를 두는 것은 재미있다.)

  • It was brave to stand up for the truth. (진실을 위해 일어선 것은 용감했다.)

  • It takes time to master a skill. (기술을 숙달하는 데는 시간이 걸린다.)




🔹 의미상 주어: for + 목적격


누가 하는지 명시할 때: It is + 형용사 + for + 목적격 + to부정사



  • It is easy for me to understand this. (내가 이것을 이해하는 것은 쉽다.)

  • It is hard for students to focus all day. (학생들이 하루 종일 집중하는 것은 힘들다.)

  • It is possible for her to finish by Friday. (그녀가 금요일까지 끝내는 것은 가능하다.)




✏️ 연습문제 — 가주어 구문으로 바꾸기



  1. To pass the exam is not easy. → It ___________________

  2. To help others is wonderful. → It ___________________

  3. To finish this project for him is possible. → It ___________________

  4. (빈칸) It is necessary ___ us ___ submit the report by Monday.

  5. (빈칸) It was exciting ___ watch the final game.



✅ 정답 보기

  1. It is not easy to pass the exam.

  2. It is wonderful to help others.

  3. It is possible for him to finish this project.

  4. It is necessary for us to submit the report by Monday.

  5. It was exciting to watch the final game.








4️⃣ 목적어 역할 — 자주 쓰이는 동사


다음 동사들은 목적어로 반드시 to 부정사를 취합니다. (동명사 불가)































































동사 의미 예문
want 원하다 I want to go home.
hope 바라다 She hopes to win the prize.
plan 계획하다 We plan to visit Paris.
decide 결정하다 He decided to quit smoking.
need 필요로 하다 They need to study harder.
refuse 거부하다 She refused to answer.
agree 동의하다 They agreed to meet at noon.
expect 기대하다 I expect to hear good news.
promise 약속하다 He promised to be on time.
learn 배우다 She is learning to drive.



✏️ 연습문제 — 알맞은 to 부정사 사용



  1. He wants _______ (become) a famous chef.

  2. We decided _______ (leave) early.

  3. She hopes _______ (study) abroad next year.

  4. They need _______ (finish) the report today.

  5. I promised _______ (call) you every week.

  6. He refused _______ (apologize) to anyone.



✅ 정답 보기

  1. He wants to become a famous chef.

  2. We decided to leave early.

  3. She hopes to study abroad next year.

  4. They need to finish the report today.

  5. I promised to call you every week.

  6. He refused to apologize to anyone.








5️⃣ 보어 역할 (Complement)



✅ be 동사 뒤에서 주어를 설명


주어 = to 부정사의 내용 관계가 성립합니다.



  • My dream is to become a pilot. (내 꿈은 파일럿이 되는 것이다.)

  • Her goal is to run a marathon. (그녀의 목표는 마라톤을 완주하는 것이다.)

  • The plan is to leave at dawn. (계획은 새벽에 출발하는 것이다.)

  • His job is to manage the team. (그의 역할은 팀을 관리하는 것이다.)




✏️ 연습문제 — 문장 완성



  1. Our mission is _______. (세상을 바꾸는 것)

  2. His ambition is _______. (유명한 작가가 되는 것)

  3. The key is _______. (매일 연습하는 것)



✅ 정답 보기

  1. Our mission is to change the world.

  2. His ambition is to become a famous writer.

  3. The key is to practice every day.








6️⃣ To 부정사의 부정형



⚠️ 부정: not / never를 to 앞에 붙입니다



not / never + to + 동사원형




  • He decided not to go. (그는 가지 않기로 결정했다.)

  • She promised not to be late again. (그녀는 다시는 늦지 않겠다고 약속했다.)

  • I chose never to lie. (나는 절대 거짓말하지 않기로 선택했다.)

  • Try not to make noise. (소음을 내지 않으려고 노력해라.)




✏️ 연습문제 — 부정형으로 바꾸기



  1. She decided to tell anyone. → (not 삽입)

  2. He promised to forget it. → (never 삽입)

  3. They agreed to cancel the event. → (not 삽입)



✅ 정답 보기

  1. She decided not to tell anyone.

  2. He promised never to forget it.

  3. They agreed not to cancel the event.








7️⃣ 의문사 + To 부정사


의문사 뒤에 to 부정사를 붙여 명사구로 만들 수 있습니다. 이 구는 문장에서 주어·목적어·보어로 쓰입니다.











































의문사 + to부정사 의미 예문
what to do 무엇을 할지 I don't know what to do.
how to do 어떻게 할지 She showed me how to cook.
where to go 어디로 갈지 He didn't know where to go.
when to start 언제 시작할지 Tell me when to start.
which to choose 어느 것을 고를지 I can't decide which to choose.
whom to ask 누구에게 물을지 She wondered whom to ask.



✏️ 연습문제 — 의문사 + to 부정사



  1. 나는 그것을 어떻게 고칠지 모른다. → I don't know _______.

  2. 그녀는 어디로 여행할지 결정했다. → She decided _______.

  3. 언제 떠날지 알려줘. → Tell me _______.

  4. 그들은 누구에게 연락할지 몰랐다. → They didn't know _______.

  5. 나는 무엇을 입을지 결정하지 못했다. → I couldn't decide _______.



✅ 정답 보기

  1. I don't know how to fix it.

  2. She decided where to travel.

  3. Tell me when to leave.

  4. They didn't know whom to contact.

  5. I couldn't decide what to wear.








8️⃣ 종합 연습문제



✏️ Part A — 역할 구분 (주어/목적어/보어)



  1. To read books every day makes you smarter. → 역할: ___

  2. His ambition is to start his own business. → 역할: ___

  3. She wants to travel the world. → 역할: ___

  4. To finish the project on time is our goal. → 역할: ___

  5. The plan is to launch the product next month. → 역할: ___



✅ 정답 보기

  1. 주어

  2. 보어

  3. 목적어

  4. 주어

  5. 보어





✏️ Part B — 문장 완성 (빈칸 채우기)



  1. It is difficult ___ (understand) abstract concepts.

  2. He promised ___ (never / lie) to his parents.

  3. She doesn't know ___ (how / use) this app.

  4. They decided ___ (not / attend) the meeting.

  5. It was kind ___ you ___ (help) the elderly woman.

  6. My goal is ___ (save) enough money to buy a house.



✅ 정답 보기

  1. It is difficult to understand abstract concepts.

  2. He promised never to lie to his parents.

  3. She doesn't know how to use this app.

  4. They decided not to attend the meeting.

  5. It was kind of you to help the elderly woman.

  6. My goal is to save enough money to buy a house.








📘 핵심 요약











































역할 패턴 예문
주어 To V ~ + 동사 To travel is my passion.
가주어 It ~ (for sb) to V It is fun for kids to play.
목적어 동사 + to V I want to succeed.
보어 be + to V My dream is to travel.
부정형 not/never + to V He decided not to go.
의문사+to wh- + to V I know how to fix it.