문법특강

체계적인 영문법 학습

8

명사절 접속사

그가 올 거라고 생각해(I think that he will come), 그녀가 행복한지 모르겠어(I don't know if she is happy)! that/whether/if로 복잡한 생각을 영어 한 문장으로 표현하는 법을 배웁니다.

2026년 2월 27일
약 50분 소요
New1English
고급문법
명사절


⭐ 핵심 요약



  • • 명사절: 문장 안에서 주어·목적어·보어 역할을 하는 절

  • • that절: 평서문 내용 전달. 목적어 위치에서는 that 생략 가능

  • • whether/if절: Yes/No 간접의문문. whether는 더 넓은 위치에 가능

  • • Wh- 절: 의문사(what/where/when/who/how/why)가 이끄는 명사절

  • • 의문사 + to부정사: what to do = what I should do

  • • 가주어 it: that절 주어를 문장 뒤로 이동하고 it을 자리표시자로 사용

  • • 동격절: the fact/idea/news/belief + that절




1. that절 명사절


that이 이끄는 명사절은 주어, 목적어, 보어 자리에 올 수 있습니다. 목적어 위치에서는 구어체에서 that을 자주 생략합니다. 주어 위치에서는 that절이 매우 길어지므로 가주어 it을 사용하는 것이 자연스럽습니다.











역할구조예문
주어That + S + V → 주어That he is honest is clear.
가주어 itIt is ~ that + S + VIt is clear that he is honest.
목적어동사 + (that) + S + VI know (that) he is honest.
보어be동사 + that + S + VThe fact is that he lied to us.




💡 that절을 취하는 주요 동사


생각/믿음: think, believe, suppose, expect, consider, feel

말하기: say, tell, report, mention, announce, claim

알기: know, find out, discover, realize, understand

희망/바람: hope, wish, want (that), desire





예문 5개


That she passed the exam surprised everyone. → It surprised everyone that she passed the exam.

I believe that honesty is the best policy.

The problem is that we don't have enough funding.

She told me that she would be late.

It is important that you submit the report on time.




✏️ 연습 문제



  1. _______ he told a lie shocked us all. (가주어 it으로도 바꾸기)

  2. We discovered _______ someone had broken into the office.

  3. It is obvious _______ she works very hard.


정답 보기

  1. That / → It shocked us all that he told a lie.

  2. that

  3. that





2. whether/if 명사절


Yes/No로 대답하는 의문문을 명사절로 만들 때는 whether 또는 if를 사용합니다. whether는 주어, 목적어, 전치사 뒤 등 모든 위치에 사용 가능하지만, if는 타동사의 목적어 위치에만 사용 가능합니다.











구분whetherif
주어 위치Whether he comes or not is unclear.X (불가)
목적어 위치I wonder whether he will come.I wonder if he will come.
전치사 뒤I'm not sure about whether it works.X (불가)
or not과 함께whether or not / whether ~ or notif ... or not (절 끝에만)




예문 5개


I don't know whether/if she likes sushi.

Whether he will accept the offer or not is yet to be decided.

She asked me whether/if I had eaten breakfast.

The question is whether we can afford the investment. (보어 위치 → whether 선호)

It depends on whether the weather is good. (전치사 뒤 → whether만 가능)




✏️ 연습 문제



  1. I'm wondering _______ she got the promotion. (whether/if 둘 다 가능한가?)

  2. _______ the plan works or not remains to be seen. (whether/if 중 맞는 것은?)

  3. Everything depends on _______ he agrees. (whether/if 중 맞는 것은?)


정답 보기

  1. whether 또는 if (둘 다 가능 - 타동사 목적어)

  2. Whether (주어 위치 → if 불가)

  3. whether (전치사 on 뒤 → if 불가)





3. 의문사 명사절 (Wh-절)


의문사(what, where, when, who, which, how, why)가 이끄는 명사절은 간접의문문으로, 어순은 반드시 주어 + 동사(평서문 어순)을 따릅니다.













의문사직접의문문간접의문문(명사절)
whatWhat does she want?I don't know what she wants.
whereWhere does he live?Tell me where he lives.
whenWhen will she arrive?I wonder when she will arrive.
whoWho called you?I know who called me.
howHow did you solve it?Show me how you solved it.
whyWhy is she crying?I understand why she is crying.




💡 어순 주의!


간접의문문에서는 의문문 어순(조동사 도치)을 쓰면 안 됩니다.

I don't know where does she live. (틀림)

I don't know where she lives. (맞음)





예문 5개


What she said surprised everyone in the room. (what절이 주어)

I have no idea why he left so suddenly.

Please tell me how I can improve my English.

Who will be the next president is still uncertain.

She couldn't explain where she had been for the past week.




✏️ 연습 문제



  1. I wonder _______ she is so upset. (why)

  2. Tell me _______ you want for dinner. (what)

  3. Nobody knows _______ he disappeared. (when)


정답 보기

  1. why she is so upset

  2. what you want

  3. when he disappeared





4. 의문사 + to부정사


의문사 뒤에 to부정사를 사용하는 구조로, 의문사 + should 절과 같은 의미입니다. 더 간결하게 표현하고 싶을 때 사용합니다.













표현의미전체 의미 동치
what to do무엇을 할지= what I should do
where to go어디로 갈지= where I should go
when to start언제 시작할지= when I should start
how to do it어떻게 할지= how I should do it
whether to go or not갈지 말지= whether I should go or not
who to trust누구를 믿을지= who I should trust




⚠️ why는 사용 불가


"why to do"는 영어에서 쓰지 않습니다. why절은 반드시 why + S + V 형태를 사용합니다.

I don't know why to do this. (틀림)

I don't know why I should do this. (맞음)





예문 5개


I don't know what to say in this situation. (= what I should say)

She couldn't decide which dress to wear to the party.

Please show me how to use this software.

He hasn't decided whether to accept the job offer or not.

I'm not sure when to submit the application form.




✏️ 연습 문제



  1. I don't know what I should bring. → I don't know _______.

  2. She doesn't know how she should start. → She doesn't know _______.

  3. They haven't decided whether they should stay or leave. → They haven't decided _______.


정답 보기

  1. what to bring

  2. how to start

  3. whether to stay or leave





5. 동격절 (Appositive that-clause)


특정 명사(fact, idea, news, belief, hope, possibility, evidence, suggestion 등) 뒤에 오는 that절로 그 명사의 내용을 구체적으로 설명합니다. 이것을 동격절이라고 합니다.













동격절을 취하는 명사예문
factThe fact that he lied was shocking.
ideaThe idea that money can buy happiness is wrong.
newsThe news that she had won surprised us.
beliefHis belief that hard work pays off kept him going.
possibilityThere is a possibility that the project will fail.
suggestionI support the suggestion that we should hire more staff.




예문 5개


The evidence that the suspect was at the scene is overwhelming.

She rejected the idea that women are weaker than men.

The hope that things will get better kept them going through tough times.

We all accepted the fact that change was inevitable.

The discovery that a new planet exists changed our understanding of the universe.




✏️ 연습 문제



  1. The _______ that she quit her job shocked everyone. [사실]

  2. His _______ that everyone deserves a second chance is admirable. [믿음]

  3. The _______ that it might snow tonight made her pack warm clothes. [가능성]


정답 보기

  1. fact

  2. belief

  3. possibility






📝 총괄 문제 (15문항)



1. 가주어 it으로 바꾼 것이 맞는 것은?
That he won the prize is amazing.

  1. It is amazing that he won the prize.
  2. It that he won the prize is amazing.
  3. That is amazing he won the prize.
  4. He won the prize, it is amazing.

2. 빈칸에 알맞은 것은?
I wonder _______ she will come to the party.

  1. that
  2. what
  3. whether
  4. which

3. 간접의문문 어순이 맞는 것은?

  1. I don't know where does she live.
  2. I don't know where she lives.
  3. I don't know where lives she.
  4. I don't know she lives where.

4. whether과 if 모두 가능한 위치는?

  1. 주어 위치
  2. 전치사 뒤
  3. 타동사의 목적어 위치
  4. 보어 위치

5. 의문사 + to부정사로 맞게 바꾼 것은?
I don't know what I should do.

  1. I don't know what to doing.
  2. I don't know what to do.
  3. I don't know what should do.
  4. I don't know what do to.

6. 동격절이 맞는 문장은?

  1. The fact which he lied shocked me.
  2. The fact that he lied shocked me.
  3. The fact what he lied shocked me.
  4. The fact how he lied shocked me.

7. that절이 보어로 쓰인 문장은?

  1. I know that she is right.
  2. That she is right is clear.
  3. The truth is that she is right.
  4. It is clear that she is right.

8. 빈칸에 알맞은 것은?
She showed me _______ to use the app.

  1. what
  2. how
  3. why
  4. which

9. 전치사 뒤에 올 수 없는 것은?

  1. whether
  2. if
  3. what
  4. how

10. 맞는 명사절 문장은?

  1. What does she want is unclear.
  2. What she wants is unclear.
  3. What wants she is unclear.
  4. She wants what is unclear.

11. "왜 그가 떠났는지"를 영어로 맞게 표현한 것은?

  1. why did he leave
  2. why he left
  3. why to leave
  4. why he did leave

12. 동격절을 쓸 수 있는 명사가 아닌 것은?

  1. fact
  2. idea
  3. table
  4. belief

13. 의문사 + to부정사로 바꿀 수 없는 것은?

  1. what I should do
  2. where I should go
  3. how I should do it
  4. why I should do it

14. 올바른 주어 위치 명사절은?

  1. If she comes is unknown.
  2. Whether she comes or not is unknown.
  3. That is she coming is unknown.
  4. She comes whether is unknown.

15. 빈칸에 알맞은 것은?
The news _______ the company had gone bankrupt spread quickly.

  1. which
  2. what
  3. that
  4. how



📋 총괄 문제 정답 보기

1. A

2. C

3. B

4. C

5. B

6. B

7. C

8. B

9. B

10. B

11. B

12. C

13. D

14. B

15. C